Minimizing Tax on Social Security Benefits

Article Highlights:

Income as a Factor
Filing Status as a Factor
85% Maximum Taxable
Base Amounts
Deferring Income
Maximizing IRA Distributions
Gambling Gotcha

Whether your Social Security benefits are taxable (and, if so, the amount that is taxed) depends on a number of issues. The following facts will help you understand the taxability of your Social Security benefits.

For this discussion, the term ‘Social Security benefits’ refers to the gross amount of benefits you receive (i.e., the amount before reduction due to payments withheld for Medicare premiums). The tax treatment of Social Security benefits is the same whether the benefits are paid due to disability, retirement or reaching the eligibility age. Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits are not included in the computation because they are not taxable under any circumstances.
The amount of your Social Security benefits that are taxable (if any) depends on your total income and marital status. o If Social Security is your only source of income, it is generally not taxable. o On the other hand, if you have a significant amount of other income, as much as 85% of your Social Security benefits can be taxable. o If you are married and lived with your spouse at any time during the year and file a separate return from your spouse using the married filing separately status, 85% of your Social Security benefits are taxable regardless of your income. This is to prevent married taxpayers who live together from filing separately, thereby reducing the income on each return and thus reducing the amount of Social Security income subject to tax.
The following quick computation can be done to determine if some of your benefits are taxable: Step 1. First, add one-half of the total Social Security benefits you received to the total of your other income, including any tax-exempt interest and other exclusions from income. Step 2. Then, compare this total to the base amount used for your filing status. If the total is more than the base amount, some of your benefits may be taxable. The base amounts are: o $32,000 for married couples filing jointly; o $25,000 for single persons, heads of household, qualifying widows/widowers with dependent children, and married individuals filing separately who did not live with their spouses at any time during the year; and o $0 for married persons filing separately who lived together during the year.

Where taxpayers can defer their ‘other’ income, such as Individual Retirement Account (IRA) distributions, from one year to another, they may be able to plan their income so as to eliminate or minimize the tax on their Social Security benefits for at least one of the years. However, the required minimum distribution rules for IRAs and other retirement plans have to be taken into account. Individuals who have substantial IRAs – and who either aren’t required to make withdrawals or are making their post-age 72 required minimum distributions without withdrawing enough to reach the Social Security taxable threshold—may be missing an opportunity for some tax-free withdrawals. Everyone’s circumstances are different, however, and what works for one person may not work for another. Gambling Tax Gotcha – Because gambling income is reported in full as income and the losses are an itemized deduction, the gross gambling winnings increase a taxpayer’s adjusted gross income (AGI) for the year. This can cause more of your Social Security benefits to be taxable, even if gambling losses exceed your winnings, simply because winnings are added to the AGI and losses are an itemized deduction. If you have questions about how these issues affect your specific situation, or if you wish to do some tax planning, please give this office a call.

Posted in Tax

Congress Introduces Tax-Preparer Regulation Legislation

Article Highlights

PTIN Requirements
CPAs, EAs, and Attorneys
State Regulations
American Families Plan
Taxpayer Protection and Preparer Proficiency Act

Anyone preparing a tax return for compensation must have a PTIN issued by the IRS, but there are no requirements associated with obtaining a PTIN—no advance training, no continuing education, and no ethical standards to abide by. On the other hand, CPAs, enrolled agents (EAs), and attorneys have strict ethical standards, educational or testing requirements, and continuing education requirements that keep them up to date with the latest tax-law changes. While some states require paid preparers to register and pay a fee, only California and Oregon have comprehensive programs that include annual registration and verified continuing-education requirements. In addition, the IRS has a voluntary program that includes annual continuing-education requirements. Thus, anyone—except in California and Oregon—who is not a CPA, EA, or attorney can declare themselves to be a tax preparer without needing any tax education. The IRS has previously attempted, without Congressional authority, to regulate the tax-preparer profession, including registration, testing, and continuing education. But, as the result of a lawsuit (Loving v. IRS) filed by a group of unregulated tax preparers, a federal judge invalidated the program in 2013, ruling that the IRS lacked the statutory authority to regulate preparers. The Biden administration’s American Families Plan calls for Congress to pass bipartisan legislation that will give the IRS the statutory authority to regulate the tax-preparer profession. Currently, tax returns prepared by certain types of preparers have high error rates. These preparers charge taxpayers large fees while exposing them to costly audits by claiming deductions and credits to which taxpayers are not entitled. Reps. Jimmy Panetta, D-California, and Tom Rice, R-South Carolina, have introduced the bipartisan Taxpayer Protection and Preparer Proficiency Act, which would permit the IRS to regulate paid tax preparers and mandate minimum competency standards. According to Rep. Panetta, ‘Mistakes by incompetent tax preparers have led to many taxpayers getting audited or penalized through no fault of their own.’ He further commented, ‘My bipartisan legislation will help prevent such predicaments by allowing the IRS to regulate paid tax preparers and ensure that they are meeting minimum competency standards. Anybody who pays for their taxes to be prepared deserves to know that their tax preparers are professional, proficient, and principled and, if not, will be held accountable by the IRS.’ Rep. Rice also commented, ‘The Taxpayer Protection and Preparer Proficiency Act will reduce error rates, lower risks for taxpayers, and help put a stop to the use of unqualified tax preparers. Since the federal government dictates our obligation to file taxes, we ought to allow the IRS to ensure that those who taxpayers turn to for assistance are well qualified.’ If you have been using an untrained and unregulated tax preparer and have concerns about whether your return has been prepared correctly, please call this office for a review. Uneducated preparers frequently overlook legitimate deductions and credits, especially with all of the new benefits available during the COVID pandemic.

Posted in Tax

Video tip: A Checklist For After Saying I Do

Have you recently got married? Or plan to do so soon? Here is a short checklist for what you should do in terms of taxes after tying the knot.
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Posted in Tax

Here's What Happened in the World of Small Business in July 2021

Here are five things that happened this past month that affect your small business. 1) The G20 backed historic corporate tax reform at the latest summit. Another step forward for proponents of a global corporate minimum tax: At the first face-to-face G20 meeting since the start of the pandemic, “a landmark proposal to stop multinational companies from shifting profits to low-tax havens was endorsed.” (Source: Yahoo! Finance) Why this is important for your business: Companies with international operations would see changes to their taxation under this proposal ¬- but it’s still a long way from being adopted. Stay tuned. 2) The US recession actually lasted only two months. While difficult times for many individuals and small businesses lasted much longer (and for some are still continuing), “the U.S. recession touched off by the coronavirus lasted only two months, ending with a low point reached in April 2020 after the start of a sharp drop in economic activity in March of that year.” (Source: Reuters) Why this is important for your business: While the country had “by no means gotten back to normal operating capacity at that point,” it is helpful to be aware that the recession was the shortest on record. This may feed arguments in favor of the “cash first” approach policymakers took, including the extensive financing for small businesses. 3) Restaurant workers are quitting at a record rate. There are a variety of reasons – including the high-stress culture – but pay is high on the list. “Low wages are the most common reason people cite for leaving food service work. But in one recent survey, more than half of hospitality workers who’ve quit said no amount of pay would get them to return.” (Source: NPR) Why this is important for your business: If you operate in any sectors related to the restaurant industry, you’ve no doubt encountered businesses who are having staffing difficulties. Some may choose to raise wages, while others might wait it out to see if things revert to “normal.” 4) The economy is expected to cool off going forward. “The U.S. economy’s 2021 growth surge likely peaked in the spring, but a strong expansion is expected to continue into next year,” said economists surveyed by The Wall Street Journal. The bounce back from the recession prompted “red-hot” growth, but that burst is expected to slow. (Source: The Wall Street Journal) Why this is important for your business: This isn’t a bad thing. We’re past the peak for economic growth and have moved “into the more moderate phase of expansion.” Job gains, personal savings, and fiscal support are expected to keep the economy growing solidly over the next year. 5) During the pandemic, 1 in 5 business owners were on the brink of closing forever. A new study by OnePoll found that “One in five small business owners came frighteningly close to shuttering their business for good during the COVID-19 pandemic.” Additionally, 3 in 4 respondents said the past year was the most difficult they’ve ever faced in the life of their business. (Source: Study Finds) Why this is important for your business: If you’re one of these business owners, it’s helpful to know you’re not alone.

Customers Paying Late? How to Create Statements

After the year-plus you’ve just experienced, the last thing your small business needs is customers who are behind on their payments to you. You may have been giving them a break because you know that they’re struggling, too, but things have been looking up for many companies in the past few months. It’s time for you to be more proactive about calling in your debts. There are numerous ways you can accomplish this. One of the best is to send statements in QuickBooks Online, which are detailed reminder forms that contain multiple transactions. These can be especially helpful if you’ve sent multiple invoices with no response. There are three different types you can send, depending on your needs. Here’s how you create them. Before You Start QuickBooks Online offers a couple of options for formatting your statements. To see these, click the gear icon in the upper right corner and select Your Company | Account and Settings. Click the Sales tab and scroll down to the Statements section. Click the pencil icon over to the far right to make any changes needed. You can:

List each transaction as a single line or include all of the detail lines.
Display an aging table at the bottom of each statement.

Click the buttons to specify your preference and then click Save and Done.
QuickBooks Online gives you control over some elements of your statements.
Three Statement Types You can choose from among three different types of statements in QuickBooks Online: Balance Forward includes invoices with outstanding balances for a specified range of dates. Open Item statements contain information about all unpaid (open) invoices from the last 365 days. And Transaction Statements show every transaction in a date range that you specify. We’ll describe how to create them so you can decide which makes the most sense for a particular situation. One Way to Create Statements Like it does for many other actions, QuickBooks Online offers two ways to create statements. The first is easier. Click the New button in the upper left and select Statement (under Other). Click the down arrow in the field under Statement Type to see the three options there. If you select Balance Forward, you’ll need to define three criteria (there will be similar options for the other two types):

Statement Date
Customer Balance Status (Open, Overdue, or All)
Start Date and End Date

QuickBooks Online makes it easy to create any of three types of customer statements.
When you’re satisfied with your statement parameters, click Apply. QuickBooks Online will display a list of the transactions that meet your criteria, along with the number of them that will be generated. Each row in the list will display the recipient’s name, email address, and balance. In the upper right corner, you’ll see the number of statements again and the total balance these customers represent. If you want to exclude any of these customers, click in the box in front of each to unselect them and delete the checkmark. When you’re satisfied with your list, click Save, Save and send, or Save and close. If you click Save and send, a window will open containing a preview of your statements. Thumbnails of each will appear in the left pane. Click on any to see their previews. When you’re ready, you can download, print, or send them. If you click Save or Save and close, you’ll still be able to see the statements you’ve just generated. Click the Sales tab in the toolbar, then All Sales. Click the down arrow next to Filter and open the drop-down list under Type. Select Statements, and your list will appear. You can print or send one by selecting the correct option in the Action column. If you want to dispatch multiple statements, click in the box in front of each, and then click the down arrow next to Batch actions. Another Method There’s an alternate way to create statements. Click the Sales tab in the toolbar, then Customers. Select any or all of the customers in the list, then click the down arrow next to Batch actions and select Create statements. QuickBooks Online will open the Create Statements window again so you can select the type and process your statements like you did using the previous method. We don’t expect that you’ll have much trouble working with statements, though you may want to consult with us on when they’re appropriate. We can also suggest other ways to bring your accounts receivable up to date. As always, we’re available to help you maximize and streamline your use of QuickBooks Online. Keeping your financial books current and organized is one way to ensure that you don’t fall too far behind with customer payments.

Entrepreneur Success Story: How Canva Reached a $15 Billion Evaluation and Made Its Young Founders Billionaires

Human beings are visual learners – they always have been, and they always will be. A big part of this has to do with the way that the human brain works. According to one recent study, when people hear information, they generally only remember about 10% of what they’re exposed to. If that information is paired with relevant visuals – be it in the form of a video or even static content like a photo or infographic – they remember 65% of it on average. All told, it’s estimated that between 51% and 80% of all businesses in every industry will rely heavily on visual content in 2021 – a trend that shows absolutely no signs of slowing down anytime soon. That, in essence, is what Canva is all about. Canva is a graphic design platform that can be used to create visual content like social media graphics, presentations, posters and more – all via an app that includes templates that make it easy to create the stunning content you need. The platform itself is available for free, although it does offer paid subscriptions through its “Canva Pro” and “Canva for Enterprise” tiers that unlock additional features for power users. Not only can users create content that immediately exists online, but they can also pay for physical products to be printed and shipped to customers – allowing brands of all types to make meaningful connections with their target audiences. In April of 2021, Canva reached a $15 billion valuation – simultaneously making its co-founders Melanie Perkins and Cliff Obrecht billionaires. This came less than a year after securing a $6 billion valuation, even though the COVID-19 pandemic was still making its way around the world. But what may seem like an overnight success was, for those co-founders, anything but. The story of Canva wasn’t always easy – but it is one that can inspire entrepreneurs and businesses professionals everywhere moving forward.Canva: The Story So Far The idea that would go on to become Canva began in January of 2012 in Perth, Australia. It was then that Perkins, Obrecht and a third co-founder – Cameron Adams – saw a market that was in desperate need of being filled. The company began simply enough: They wanted to “make design accessible to all.” It didn’t matter what you actually needed those design services for – logos, business cards, presentations, or something else entirely. When Perkins and Obrecht were studying in college in Perth, the duo would earn side income by teaching other students various design programs. After determining that some of the platforms offered by companies like Microsoft and Adobe had too much of a learning curve, they decided that there had to be a better way. But when they couldn’t find it, they decided to create that “better way” themselves. The duo – now a couple – started an online school yearbook design business, that was then called Fusion Books. They immediately launched a website that let users collaborate and build their profile pages, articles and other content that would then exist in those online school yearbooks. Perkins and Obrecht would then print the yearbooks, after which they would deliver them to schools across the country. The business was a success, but the pair didn’t want to stop there. They wanted to go bigger, and they had ideas on how to do it. In 2010, Perkins had an encounter with an investor from Silicon Valley who saw the potential in such an idea. That investor introduced her to a few contacts, at which point they began to develop their idea even further. With the help of a few technology advisors and after the close of their first funding round, Canva was born in earnest – and the rest, as they say, is history. In its first year after launching, Canva had more than 750,000 active users. Now focused on marketing materials, its revenue increased from an already impressive $6.8 million to an enormous $23.5 million during the 2016/2017 fiscal year alone. Just one year later, in 2018, the company had raised more than $40 million from various investment firms and was already valued at $1 billion. The point of all this is that there is truly no idea too small (or too niche) to make an impact. Melanie Perkins and Cliff Obrecht were tired of spending time teaching complicated graphics programs to fellow students, so they decided to create a platform of their own to eliminate as much of the “hard work” as possible. That simple idea turned into something much larger than either of them could have imagined. For an entrepreneur, something like this isn’t just a success story – it’s a critical moment of inspiration to guide all their efforts moving forward.

How Can You Save a Business After the Owner Dies?

When you’re in the midst of building or growing a business, the last thing on your mind is what happens if the owner suddenly dies. If the business was established as a partnership and the surviving partner has equity in the business, then a buy-sell agreement can provide a quick solution, particularly if there is an insurance policy that’s been set up specifically to facilitate the buyout. Those who worked with an experienced attorney or accountant when setting the business up generally have the good fortune of having a plan in place whether there’s a partnership or not, but that is not always the case. The absence of the driving force behind a business affects employees, customers, and the family members who may have relied on the organization for income. If you find yourself in this unfortunate situation, you need to know the steps available, and how best to approach the many issues that will arise. The First Decision: Whether to Save the Business or Not Though the knee-jerk reaction to the death of a business owner may be to try to keep the business going, that is not always the best or smartest answer. Every situation is different, and decisions need to be made from a practical standpoint rather than an emotional one. If the business owner was a professional and the entire entity was dependent upon them, their strengths, skills, and personality, then no amount of good intentions is likely to save the business. Imagine trying to continue to run a medical practice with a new physician. Though some patients may stay on, the majority are likely to move to another practice in order to ensure the continuity of their care. The exception to this would be where there was already a partnership, or an heir of the business owner is able to assume their responsibilities in a way that makes the clientele comfortable. But even that transition represents a risk, as the time between the death and resetting the business is likely to be filled with costs for which revenue is not being generated. Making a determination about whether to preserve and continue a business requires planning, realism, and perhaps most important of all, cash. Unless the estate has the funds available to keep things afloat while a new plan is agreed to, the challenges are likely to mount. In the absence of a contingency plan with funds set aside to support it, the business owner’s estate is free to decide to walk away from the business. In many cases the value of the operation may have rested almost exclusively on the deceased individual’s popularity and relationships with clientele, and when that is the case the decision is clear, though often painful. Walking away from a business can feel like a second death, and it is easy to feel compelled to try to save the owner’s creation – but doing so can lead to financial losses that make the death feel even more painful. Step One to Preserve a Business After the Owner’s Death If, after reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of trying to preserve the business, you make the decision to either sell it or find a way to continue operations, the estate will need to switch legal control of the business over to a dedicated personal representative of the estate. If the selection represents a challenge due to differing opinions, the court can appoint a curator to step in temporarily. Most states allow this person to assume all of the business and estate responsibilities that a permanent representative would have, while others assign an administrator ad litem who has powers limited to making business decisions. In the latter scenario, a separate individual would be assigned to overseeing matters surrounding the estate. When time is of the essence in preserving a business, the court can appoint a curator extremely expeditiously: In some cases, a death certificate will not have been issued and a curator will already have been appointed. Though this may seem overly hasty, and maybe even disrespectful, there are legal issues, customers, employees, and other administrative tasks involving bank accounts and financial institutions that require continuity. Control of the Business’ Bank Accounts One of the most important things that a newly assigned curator will take charge of is the business’ bank accounts, especially if the deceased owner is the only signatory. Banks will not allow checks to be written or withdrawals to be made without an authorized person’s signature, and they will freeze all accounts once they learn of a business owner’s death. This means that bills will not be paid, employees will not receive paychecks, and those limitations will lead to services or goods not being provided. Once legal control of the business has been established, whether permanently or temporarily, the bank needs to be made aware of the new person’s identity and must be provided with legal documents that prove their authority. This may involve having the curator or estate representative name themselves the new president so that they can inform the bank and provide a new signature card. Control of the Business’ Digital Assets Today’s business environment is heavily reliant upon a digital, online presence, and that means that the curator, executor, administrator, or other decision maker will need to gain access to passwords so that they can control those assets. Laws are beginning to be passed to facilitate the transfer of this information, including in California where a Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act has been passed. This new legislation provides authority over digital assets to those who are fiduciaries of a business. Fiduciaries are those that the court has recognized as having authority in the absence of explicit instructions from the deceased business owner. This is another example of how having guidance from an attorney or accountant early in the establishment of a business can pre-address issues and head off potential problems. Selling the Business If the decision is made that the business is to be sold, it is essential that an outside entity such as a business broker is brought in to provide reliable, data-driven information on the business’ value. Business brokers do receive a commission on completed sales, and many people are concerned that they might boost the value in order to increase their commission. But commissions are only provided once a sale has been complete, and an unrealistic number is unlikely to attract a serious buyer. When working with a broker, ask them how they arrive at the value that they assign. Their research should be based on industry information. If a broker expresses disinterest in handling the sale, it’s a good idea to quiz them as to why — in some cases the issue may be a lack of familiarity or available information to fulfill the assignment, but in other instances they may not see the sale as a legitimate possibility, and therefore not worth their time. Their explanations can provide you with valuable insight. There are some scenarios where there is an obvious prospective buyer. This may be a competitor or an individual who has long worked alongside the deceased owner. This is often the easiest and most sensible option, as well as the one that is most likely to deliver favorable, uncomplicated terms. Working with a friendly buyer can expedite the process and alleviate stress. Be Aware of Personal Guarantee Issues After the death of a long-time owner, many vendors and creditors become gun-shy about doing business with a new individual, and this is particularly true for items or services that represent significant expenses. The problem is often addressed by asking for a personal guarantee from the new owner – but offering one may not be a good idea. Making long-term decisions and commitments is generally not advised until the disposition of the business has been resolved, so issues such as whether to sign a new lease or to purchase a new piece of equipment is better left until after that larger decision has been made. If you are the heir to a business owner who did not leave explicit instructions about what to do with their business and the topic has never come up, there’s a good chance that they assumed or intended that their business would die with them. Even if that is the case, it is helpful to spell those intentions out, and especially to take out an insurance policy that will help carry survivors through the time it takes to shut the business down or close it.

How Long Should You Keep Old Tax Records?

Article Highlights:

The general statute: 3 years
Longer durations in some states
Fraud, failure to file and other issues that extend the statute’s duration
Keeping the actual return
Ordering copies of previously filed returns

This is a common question: How long must taxpayers keep copies of their income tax returns and supporting documents? Generally, individuals should hold on to their income tax records for at least 3 years after the due date of the return to which those records apply. However, if the original return was filed later than the due date, including if the taxpayer received an extension, the actual filing date is substituted for the due date. A few other circumstances can require taxpayers to keep these records for longer than 3 years. The statute of limitations in many states is 1 year longer than in the federal statute. This is because the IRS provides state tax authorities with federal audit results. The extra year gives the states adequate time to assess taxes based on any federal tax adjustments. In addition to the potential confusion caused by the state statutes, the federal 3-year rule has a number of exceptions that cloud the recordkeeping issue:

The assessment period is extended to 6 years if a taxpayer omits more than 25% of his or her gross income on a tax return.
The IRS can assess additional taxes without regard to time limits if a taxpayer (a) doesn’t file a return, (b) files a false or fraudulent return to evade taxation, or (c) deliberately tries to evade tax in any other manner.
The IRS has unlimited time to assess additional tax when a taxpayer files an unsigned return.

If none of these exceptions apply to you, then for federal purposes, you can probably discard most of your tax records that are more than 3 years old; however, you may need to add a year or more if you live in a state with a statute of longer duration. Examples: Susan filed her 2018 tax return before the due date of April 15, 2019. She will be able to safely dispose of most of her tax records after April 15, 2022. On the other hand, Don filed his 2018 return on June 1, 2019. He needs to keep his records at least until June 1,2022. In both cases, the taxpayers should keep their records a year or more beyond those dates if their states have statutes of limitations that are longer than 3 years. Important note: Although you can discard backup records, do not throw away the copies of any filed tax returns or W-2s. Often, these returns provide data that can be used in future tax-return calculations or to prove the amounts of property transactions, Social Security benefits, and so on. You should also keep certain records for longer than 3 years:

Stock acquisition data. If you own stock in a corporation, keep the purchase records for at least 4 years after selling the stock. The purchase data is needed to prove the amount of profit (or loss) that you had on the sale.
Statements for stocks and mutual funds with reinvested dividends. Many taxpayers use the dividends that they receive from a stock or mutual fund to buy more shares of the same stock or fund. These reinvested amounts add to the basis of the property and reduce the gain when it is eventually sold. Keep these statements for at least 4 years after final sale.
Tangible property purchase and improvement records. Keep records of home, investment, rental-property or business-property acquisitions, as well as all related capital improvements, for at least 4 years after the underlying property is sold.
Sales that create loss carryovers. If you sell stock, mutual funds or investment property at a loss, and your total capital loss for the sale year isn’t fully absorbed by capital gains plus $3,000, the excess loss may be carried forward to be used on the next year’s return and even beyond, depending on the amount of the loss. The IRS could require proof of the original loss if a carry forward year’s return is audited, even many years after the original loss year. So, not only should you keep the return copies to account for the use of the carryforward loss, you should also retain the records to substantiate the original loss until the carryover amount is fully used up, and for at least 4 years after the last year for which a loss is deducted.

Tax return copies from prior years are also useful for the following:

Verifying Income. Lenders require copies of past tax returns on loan applications.
Validate Identity. Taxpayers who use tax-filing software products for the first time may need to provide their adjusted gross incomes from prior years’ tax returns to verify their identities.

The IRS Can Provide Copies of Prior-Year Returns – Taxpayers who have misplaced a copy of a prior year’s return can order a tax transcript from the IRS. This transcript summarizes the return information and includes AGI. This service is free and is available for the most current tax year once the IRS has processed the return. These transcripts are also available for the past 6 years’ returns. When ordering a transcript, always plan ahead, as online and phone orders typically take 5 to 10 days to fulfill. Mail orders of transcripts can take 30 days (75 days for full tax returns). There are three ways to order a transcript:

Online Using Get Transcript. Use Get Transcript Online on IRS.gov to view, print or download a copy for any of the transcript types. Users must authenticate their identities using the Secure Access process. Taxpayers who are unable to register or who prefer not to use Get Transcript Online may use Get Transcript by Mail to order a tax return or account transcript.
By phone. The number is 800-908-9946.
By mail. Taxpayers can complete and send either Form 4506-T or Form 4506T-EZ to the IRS to receive a transcript by mail.

Those who need an actual copy of a tax return can get one for the current tax year and for as far back as 6 years. The fee is $43 per copy (the fee is subject to change, so verify it on the current form). Complete Form 4506 to request a copy of a tax return and mail that form to the appropriate IRS office (which is listed on the form). If you have questions about which records you should retain and which ones you can dispose of, please give this office a call.

Posted in Tax

Here's How To Take A Page From The Ultra-wealthy Playbook And Make Full Use Of Roth Individual Retirement Accounts

We’ve all heard the term ‘the rich get richer.’ According to a report released from ProPublica, it turns out that one of the ways that truism is perpetuated is through the strategic use of tax-sheltered Roth individual retirement accounts (IRAs). The good news is that the same approach is available to the man on the street. The only thing you need is the know-how. How the ultra-wealthy use Roth IRAs The story details how ultra-smart people have become ultra-wealthy, accumulating millions and billions of dollars through the Roth’s tax sheltering properties. Where these accounts don’t offer the upfront tax break that you get with traditional 401(k) plans and IRAs, they are tax-advantaged when it comes time to make withdrawals. And the same investors who are blocked from contributing directly to a Roth due to their higher income have the option of converting assets that are held in a traditional IRA or 401(k) into a Roth. Though they still need to pay taxes on the money that they roll into the new account, once it’s there it can be withdrawn with no tax impact after it’s been held a minimum of five years and the account holder reaches the age of 59 1/2, or it can be kept in the account where it grows tax free. The ProPublica report explains that this strategy grew an account valued at under $2,000 in 1999 to one worth $5 billion for Paypal founder Peter Thiel, who sheltered his investments in what is known as a self-directed Roth IRA, which offers identical tax advantages of untaxed distributions and growth as a standard Roth IRA, while at the same time providing more investment opportunities such as shares in private companies or in real estate. That’s how Thiel grew his account, holding shares of PayPal long before it became a publicly traded company. As attractive as self-directed IRAs sound, there are some caveats. You are not going to be able to invest in them through traditional firms like Vanguard or Fidelity Investments. Instead, you’ll need to contact a specialized custodian who can facilitate your purchase but will not provide you with any advice on your investments, including telling you if what you’re doing is legal or not. Choosing to get involved in a self-directed IRA is a decision to go it alone and accept the consequences. You need to do your homework, both on what is allowed and isn’t and on the value of the alternative assets you choose. It may seem like an insignificant detail, but not paying attention to it puts you at risk for breaking tax laws. All the cautionary notes aside, investing in assets within a self-directed IRA gives you the advantages of the tax-free Roth products and allows you to sell what you’re holding at a profit and then roll those gains into new asset purchases within the same account. Alternatively, you can go the more traditional route and select the standard Roth IRA and invest in high growth potential investment options. Doing so helps bypass worries about liquidating traditional IRA or 401(k) holdings after retirement and risking higher future tax rates, as well as having to meet the Required Minimum Distribution amounts that those accounts impose on you if you are the original account owner and you reach the age of 72. If you have questions about tax-advantaged retirement savings options, contact our office.

Everything You Need to Know About Medical Practice Financing

Whether you are a physician with a well-established medical office, or you’ve just completed your residency and are getting set up, obtaining funding for a medical practice is different from applying for a standard business or personal loan. Though those differences do not necessarily mean that the process is more difficult, they do mean that you need to carefully assess your needs and identify the approach that fits them best. To help, we’ve assembled the following list of must-know items specifically designed to facilitate medical practice funding:

There are special Medical Practice Loans, especially designed for healthcare professionals. Doctors, dentists, and other healthcare professionals can always apply for standard loans, but the specialized medical practice loans available online and through big brand banks like Wells Fargo and Bank of America were created around the realities of running a medical practice. That means that they offer access to the higher level of funding that is usually required while also taking into account elements such as the existence of medical school debts as well as the probability that your practice is likely to earn significant revenue as it becomes more established.
Consider equipment financing instead of a Medical Practice Loan Though your first instinct may be to apply for a more typical loan, if you’re planning on buying medical equipment then equipment financing may make more sense. Though these loans may require a down payment, and use the equipment itself as collateral, they enable 100% financing of the acquisition and are structured so that repayment is completed at the end of the anticipated useful life of the asset. This is a superior outcome to having a loan that will continue long after you’ve replaced the equipment – especially if you will need to purchase something to replace it and take out an additional loan. Paying two loans at once – with one being for an asset that you no longer have – is something you definitely want to avoid.
A Small Business Administration Loan may be a good fit for you The Small Business Administration has well-established relationships with lenders that can offer up to $5 million in funding through the 7(a) loan program, while also guaranteeing a portion of the loan for the lender. This additional protection makes lenders more likely to extend a loan, offering rates that are competitive and can be used for almost any purpose. Note that the SBA will not extend a 7(a) loan to an unestablished business – which eliminates this option for those who have just graduated – but they do have other loan products available for newer businesses.
Lump sum funding through term loans If you need a specific amount of money and are looking for a fixed low interest rate, term loans are another good option, especially if you have good credit. You can use the money for anything and pay it off over a predictable term that can range from 12 months to 5 years or more, though compared to medical practice loans or SBA loans, the amount of funding may be limited.
Business line of credit Another alternative to taking out a loan for a specified amount of money is applying for a business line of credit that allows you to access as much of your total revolving line as you need, leaving the balance available and only having to make payments for what you use. This is a particularly good option for managing continuous expenses or those that have financial needs that arise intermittently. The downside of a line of credit is that the rates may be higher than that of other loans, but that aspect is offset by the ability to only use what you really need.

Once you’ve decided on the right loan product, all that’s left is the application process. It is not all that different from applying for any other type of loan, but since financing a medical practice is so critical to your success, you’ll be smart to do your homework and be prepared. The following steps will be helpful:

Know what your lenders are going to see when you apply by checking your own credit report and score.
Prepare an updated set of financial statements that include current profit and loss statements and an assessment of your practice’s financial health, including cash flow.
Be prepared to put business equipment or personal assets up for collateral on loans.
Those who are just starting out will need to compile details about what they will need to purchase and what they expect to make, as well as a comprehensive business plan.
Those who have been in practice for a while and who plan to expand need to detail their growth objectives. Having a plan for new acquisitions or changes will demonstrate that you are working towards a specific, attainable goal.
Know what each type of loan requires to meet eligibility requirements to optimize your ability to be approved.
Understand exactly what your chosen lender expects to see in terms of documentation and make sure you have copies of each in order to expedite the underwriting process. These may include income tax returns, bank statements, and more.
Take the time to read through the terms of any loan that you’re applying for to ensure that you will be able to comply. Knowing that a loan is right for you goes well beyond the interest rate you’re going to pay and loan fees. Read the small print to make sure that there are no surprises and that you’re choosing the loan product that is most suitable for your medical practice’s needs.

If you have questions about the financial aspects of your medical practice, please contact our office.